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Many people talk about business strategy but have a great failure to realise exactly what
this is – is it surprising that a great deal of business people have a huge problem
discussing this when they do not exactly know what this is!

Questions that should be asked may include the determination of the fact that is there
even a strategy in existence or if so, is this the correct one? Additionally, how do we determine what a strategy is and how does one go about developing one?

It is important when developing strategy to look at some of the issues and why a chosen
path can go wrong-if one keeps doing the same thing, one will get the same results.

Many complaints about strategy range from the fact that it is difficult to determine, it
gets messy and unfinished, and many people involved either do not contribute or attempt to dominate proceedings and a general feeling of the future and the failure of any future
chosen path.

Broadly speaking, some schools of thought hold with notion that there are three main
reasons for a failure of strategy.

Managers often fail to realise what these differences are; business schools talk about
corporate-centre strategy and business-unit strategy. Business-unit strategy is for
controlled organisations that may be part of conglomerates or single-business units
whereas the other is for conglomerates planning growth through the use of single business units.

Another is often no clarity of purpose; for example there is no point in using models
that are simply intellectually attractive when the purpose of the task is to discover
options and directions and gather proof to support decisions about the future.

The business – unit level requires methods that are relatively straightforward and the only
real obstacles are intimidation by “professionals” and their jargon. Most means of
analysis are in excess of 35 years old but there is a general lack of understanding of
them amongst business people and most of them do not know how to use them.

So how do we correct this anomaly?
Initially, the ground rules need to be set so participants need to arrive with open,
clear minds. Strategy may be likened to seeing everything around, from every angle
available and even into the future and the following requirements must be met to be
successful:
Customers are paramount and form the basis of market understanding, practicality must
take priority over theory, the business needs of now and the future need to be thought
about and the strategy needs to be measurable.

It is worth at this point to touch on the philosophy behind a strategy.

The best place to start is to take the old adage of begin with where you want to be and
work backwards to where you are now.

If, on the other hand, one believes that strategy is an analytical process then start
with where you are and work forwards. However there is a difficulty with this approach as straightforward arithmetical thinking stifles creativity.
Perhaps, in the real world, a combination of both methods is probably a necessity.

This is all, of course, driving towards growth of the business and that is largely down
to marketing. So why are not all growing firms good marketers and why have not they
developed a good strategy?

Very briefly, this begins with a failure to understand the difference between selling and
marketing – marketing is about developing products or services that customers will want
where selling is about simply getting people to but the product.

The rest, for the moment, I leave you to ponder on.

By: Nazir Daud

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Church treasurer fund accounting software helps everybody. That’s because good records and reports are cornerstones of accountability. Build proper controls into an accounting system and the treasurer job gets easier. But how do you choose an accounting system?

What are the requirements?

First determine what you need. Do you need accounting for several funds? Probably. What kind of reports would you like to generate? How about payroll? Is this done outside or do you need payroll software? Thinking about what you need is the first step in choosing a system?

What about support?

The initial cost of any software is only part of the total cost. Training and learning are usually significant costs too. That’s why you want software that’s complex enough to do the job, but not more complex than is necessary. Who will you call when you have problems? Often a local accounting firm will help you if you have software from a major company. But with free software from an unknown source you may be on your own.

Accounting for self defense.

Churches often have very poor accounting controls. That means just one person handles much of the finances and for a long period of time. This is often a disaster. There should be clear involvement by more than one person in every phase of handling the money. This is the way to maintain trust and protect the treasurer from any temptation and any suspicion too.

Choosing church accounting software depends on the needs of the group. Think about the kinds of reports you need to show income and disposition of the funds. Make sure you can get help to deal with accounting software problems. Also make sure the software is only part of an accounting system. Checks and balances are essential for a sound church accounting system.

By: Al Bullington

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An effective manager can have many traits that make them stand out. For example, they can have excellent organisational skills, they can be very efficient at delegating or have unwavering loyalty. Although these traits are very important and essential the real mark of an effective manager is one who can empower their team. This means the manager has to be a leader, one who can inspire, motivate and energise people. To do this the effective manager understands that this leadership, inspiration, motivation and energy has to come from them.

Great managers have the ability to channel the passion they have for their work and the organisation through to their own team. When engaging with their team they are more motivated and excited to achieve their goals, create new ideas and be more productive.

A great manager understands the concept of leverage and applies it effectively in their role. They understand that they have to rely on other people to get things done and to make things happen. Therefore, a great manager has the ability to bring together the individual efforts of the team to reach a common goal.

In today’s business structure a manager’s role is forever changing. New roles and responsibilities are being added. One key area is that a manager must take on a more supportive role. They must have the ability to coach, motivate, and create a supportive environment for their team that values each team member. The key to creating a supportive environment in the work place is trust and openness. In this environment employees are more comfortable and confident to express their needs and ideas. When employees feel that their manager is open and willing to listen to them they feel more valued.

One of the most important traits of a great manager is communication. In a world that is constantly changing it is necessary that managers are effective communicators. There are so many ways to communicate whether it is by phone, paper or email. However, the most effective is face to face communication with your team. This should be used as much as possible when setting down new company targets, team goals as well as praising employees.

By: Bill Weller

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One of the key road blocks to getting things done is procrastination. Procrastination is delaying tasks that we think are difficult. It is important to overcome this bad habit if you want to be an effective manager or executive.

When we make procrastination a habit it will affect are ability to perform at work. It can create unnecessary pressure and stress as well as delaying schedules. However, procrastination can be overcome by taking on the habit of tackling difficult issues first thing in the morning. In this way you will realise that many of the tasks that you thought were hard to do were actually easier than you thought when you actually do them.

The key factor to overcoming procrastination is not to let your tasks build up. By tackling things earlier on you will find that you can gain momentum which will spur you on to get more things done and to be more proactive with your time. The best way to achieve this is by getting a grasp of what you need to do. To do this you need to identify all the tasks you need to do and have them written down in a to-do list. Having your tasks written down will provide you with clarity about what needs to be done and how to go about it.

Your to-do list will help you plan out your short, medium and long term goals. It will help you identify the tasks that are top priorities and that will need your time and attention. This will help you to manage your time more effectively.

Managers without an organised to do list are like a ship without a rudder they just keep going round and round and not actually getting much done. They have the habit of leaving everything to the last minute which increases the risk of missing deadlines. This is especially the case when something unexpected comes along. Because they have let things slide they do not have the time to deal with it effectively which results in delays or poorly produced work.

By: Seamus Deere

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Obtaining a loan modification is the latest magical solution to foreclosure. One new government program after another has been released to help borrowers modify the terms of their mortgages to make them more affordable, and thousands of private companies have begun to offer assistance in qualifying for a loan mod. Obviously, if everyone who can make a payment was given such a program, the foreclosure crisis would have been solved before it began.

Unfortunately, though, the real world has foiled many of the designs of the mortgage industry central planners and regulators. All of the government programs have failed for a variety of reasons, including voluntary participation, lack of clearly defined rules for compliance by the lenders, and unaccountability. Even for the few mandatory participants, the same problems keep creeping up.

Homeowners should expect to run into at least three major issues when attempting to qualify for a loan modification. These problems should be considered before the borrowers decide whether to apply for a modification or not, as they may not apply to other solutions to foreclosure. Of course, some of them will apply to alternative plans to save the house.

First, homeowners will have to deal with unresponsive mortgage lenders and servicing companies. Loss mitigation departments of these large financial institutions have not dedicated the resources necessary to assist all of the borrowers attempting to apply for various solutions. This means that collection departments may call owners tens times a day, but any call made back to the loss mitigation department will not be answered in a timely fashion, if at all. Faxes containing personal financial information and application documents are routinely lost, as well.

Second, the documents governing the securitization process for the mortgage may restrict the number of loan modifications that can be offered. The pooling and servicing agreements (PSAs) may only allow a certain percentage of loans in a pool to be modified. Even if the borrowers can show financial ability to pay a modification plan, they may have to be turned down by the servicing company, unless the loan is moved out of the securitization pool.

A final consideration homeowners should make before applying for a mortgage modification is if they would require a principal reduction. Many loan mods would not be affordable for the long term without decreasing the amount the borrowers owe in total. However, any reduction of principal may be considered by the IRS as taxable income to the owners. This may result in a large, unaffordable tax bill that will cause the modification to fail is the borrowers can not make the monthly mortgage payment and pay the taxes for the forgiven debt.

While loan mods can be a great way for homeowners to modify their mortgages so they are more in line with the borrowers’ current financial situations and market conditions, there are also a number of drawbacks. If the servicer takes too long to respond, the foreclosure will proceed anyway. If the PSA does not allow for any more modifications, qualified borrowers may be turned away. And if there is a large tax bill due to the modification, it may be impossible to pay the mortgage and the taxes.

By: Nick Adama

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News programmes have suddenly become hot property and are vying for attention with other popular programmes telecast in different channels. All major television broadcasters are including at least one news channel to their bouquet. The biggest headache for launching a satellite channel is programme software for round the clock. In this juncture, newsgathering is a major task for the 24-hour news channels. To cater this task, the emerging electronic channels have always made an attempt to cover all the incidents irrespective of position, location and time. These channels not only revolutionized the concept of news on Indian television but also changed the news formats. Before 1990s, Doordarshan had monopolized newscast on Indian television and also turned the news programs into a dowdy exercise. Now the private channels made the news an essential commodity like food, cloth and shelter. The strong point of all today’s news bulletins is their topicality, objectivity, glossy editing and high-quality visuals. News has traveled a long way from the DD era. From Local events to International events, breaking news to news analysis, television soap to page3 news, every happening comes under purview of news. In this article, we have covered some significant changes in news broadcasting in India before and after the Gulf War.

Indian Television – Flash Back

Television in India is undergoing significant changes in the current liberalized environment. To understand these changes, one needs to have some brief idea of the road covered by the television channels so far. The journey started as an experimental basis with a financial grant from UNESCO in 15th September 1959. The makeshift studio at Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi was chosen for location of the experiment. The experiment started with one-hour program, broadcast twice a week, on community health, citizen rights, education and traffic sense etc. As far as news is concerned, it was launched exactly six years after the inception of television broadcasting. Daily one-hour program with a news bulletin was served to the Indian viewers. But one major drawback of television was that you could not enjoy the original colour of the objects because of black and white transmission. First multi-color programme was the Prime Minister’s address to the nation from Red Fort in Delhi on India’s 35th Independence Day. In the same day, DD National channel was launched. The aim of launching the National channel is nurturing national integration, and inculcating a sense of pride in Indians. Indian viewers also enjoyed the colored version of the Asian Games hosted by New Delhi in their drawing room. The coverage of major events and different occasions lend a big hand behind the infiltration of television signals to the nook and corners of the subcontinent. Indian Government had taken all possible steps to expand the television broadcasting demographically and geographically. In 1983 television signals were available to just 28% of the population, this had doubled by the end of 1985 and by 1990 over 90% of the population had access to television signals. In 1984, DD Metro channel was added to provide an exclusive entertainment for the urban viewers. In the beginning, this channel was confined to metropolitan cities.
As a public broadcaster, Doordarshan presented the news in naturalized manner. All controversial issues were pushed under the carpet. The ruling government had a strong hold on the television broadcasting. Doordarshan news bulletins were unable to provide the international news to the national viewers. Objectivity had been the first casualty as news was invariably slanted to suit the party in power. The news was liberated from the confines of the DD newsroom and gained in objectivity and credibility when New Delhi Television (NDTV) produced ‘The World This Week’ in 1988. Everyone was waiting for the Friday night to watch ‘The World This Week’. This was the only India-based programme, which looked out at the rest of the world. The World This Week was the best current affairs programme on the international scenario and carried good stuff of news, which the regular DD news was failed to carry out. This program is ranked as one of the country’s finest and most popular television shows. In 1989, NDTV produces India’s first live televised coverage of the country’s general elections. The critical and commercial success of the coverage sets a new standard for Indian television. After the Gulf War the media panorama has changed forever.

Golf War – The Catalyst

Post-1990 satellite television in India has become transnational in nature. It coincided with the entry of multinational companies in the Indian markets under the Government policy of privatization. International satellite television was introduced in India by CNN through its coverage of the Gulf War in 1991. In August 1991, Richard Li launched Star Plus, the first satellite channel beamed the signal to Indian subcontinent. Subhash Chandra’s Zee TV appeared in October 1992. It is India’s first privately owned Hindi channel to cater the interest of Indian viewers. This ignition followed by Sony and a little later by domestic channels such as Eenadu, Asianet and Sun TV. Entertainment programs had begun to occupy center stage in the organization’s programming strategies and advertising had come to be main source of funding. Doordarshan’s earlier mandate to aid in the process of social and economic development had clearly been diluted. Doordarshan had faced a stiff competition in news and public affairs programming with international channels like BBC and CNN. Doordarshan planned to sell some slots for news programme under sponsored category. In February 1995, NDTV becomes the country’s first private producer of the national news ‘News Tonight’, which aired on the country’s government-owned Doordarshan set a new landmark for Indian television because of its on-the-spot reporting with pertinent visuals. In the same year, TV Today Network occupied a 20 minutes slot in DD Metro channel and aired a Hindi and current affairs programme ‘Aaj Tak’. This programme became popular for its comprehensive coverage and unique style presentation by Late S. P. Singh. Still we remembered the sign-up message “Ye Thi Khabar Aaj Tak, Intizar. Kijiye Kal Tak”. Large number of viewers across India had been watching Aaj Tak as a daily habit because of its innovative style of news presentation. Besides that Nalini Singh’s five-minute fast paced, condensed daily news capsule Ankhon Dekhi, TV Today Network’s Business Aaj Tak and Newstrack was aired on the Metro channel of Doordarshan. This is the period when satellite channels concentrated on entertainment programmes for their respective channels. Doordarshan was still ruled the most wanted area ‘news’.

Major Players

Doordarshan’s monopoly was broken in 1992, when private television channels infiltrated into the Indian boundaries and entertain the viewers as much as possible. In the beginning of 1990s, the private channels offered only entertainment programmes. The entertainment programs include family drama, comedy serials, children programmes, cartoons, movies, talk shows, recipe shows, musical concerts, non-fiction programmes etc. Private entertainment channels added some infortainment programmes to their Fixed Point Charts (FPC). Keeping the demand of infotainment programmes in mind, the media houses started to produce news magazines, entertainment magazines and news programmes for different channels. India’s premier business and consumer news broadcaster and a leading media content provider, Television Eighteen India Limited (TV18) started India’s first ever entertainment magazine ‘The India Show’ on Star Plus in 1993. This emerging media powerhouse provided prime time television content to almost all leading satellite channels in India including BBC, Star Plus, Sony Entertainment Television, Zee, MTV and Discovery. After The India Show, TV18 produced a weekly business news program India Business Report for BBC World. Indian viewers had very limited options (like public service broadcaster Doordarshan, BBC and CNN) for watching the television news. For televised news, the viewers had to watch Dordarshan and some international news channels like BBC or CNN. In this race to provide more news, more information, Zee Television jumped into the battlefield by launching the news channel Zee News in 1995. This News and current affairs channel revolutionized the way news was delivered to the viewers. Since its inception Zee News has endeavoured to be the fastest to provide news, working towards a single goal of Sabse Pahle (Always First). The other round-the-clock news channel, the Murdoch-owned Star TV beamed its exclusively 24-hour news channels, Star News in 1998. Star made a contract of five year with Prannoy Roy-owned NDTV (New Delhi Television Company) to provide news content for this news channel.
The untiring exhaustive coverage of the Kargil war between India and Pakistan gained more publicity and attracted more viewers towards the electronic channel. This televised conflict also sets a news benchmark for wartime journalism. During the Kargil war, common citizens witnessed how their brave Jawans fought despite in hostile conditions and watched the war front live by the exclusively news channels, Star-TV and Zee-News. The live coverage of the battlefield helped to create a euphoria of patriotism among the Indian masses, which later facilitated into collecting huge funds for the welfare of the families of Kargil martyrs. Every news programme draws the attention of large number of viewers but Kargil war attracts private broadcasters to invest more money in the broadcasting business by launching a news channel. In November 1999, TV18 entered into a 49:51 joint venture with CNBC Asia to launch CNBC India. TV18 is the sole program provider to CNBC India, and produces 12 hours of local content per day on this 24-hour satellite channel.
After the huge success of news programme ‘Aaj Tak’, TV Today group launched a 24-hour Hindi news channel with the same name ‘Aaj Tak’, in December 2000, which covers India with insight, courage and plenty of local flavour. Within 11 months of its launch, Aaj Tak emerged as India’s number one news channel and was awarded Best News Channel award from Indian Television Academy Awards. Some mega events apart from regular interesting items (such as Kandhahar hijack, September 11 attacks, Afghanistan war, attack on Parliament, Iraq war, Godhra carnage and riots) have driven up the viewership. As time passed, NDTV’s five years contract with Star group for outsourcing of news and related programming expired on March 2003. With the expiry NDTV forayed into broadcasting business by simultaneously launching two 24-hour news channels; NDTV 24X7 – English news channel and NDTV India – Hindi news channel, which targets the Indian diaspora across the world. News crazy Indians received more news at faster speed from different channels. Any unusual happening can be caught by the television camera anywhere form Rastrapati Bhawan to bedroom. The power of TV journalism was become more visible by the major sting operations like Operation West End and Shakti Kapoor Case. This style of investigative journalism has brought about a change in the way we look at news, amidst new notions of editorial freedom. The world’s largest family ‘Sahara India Parivar’ launched a 24-hour national Hindi news channel, Sahara Samay, in March 28, 2003. It is the first ever city-centric satellite news channels covering 31 cities in India with their own city news bulletins. Keeping the demand of news in mind, the Union cabinet approved the proposal to convert the DD Metro to DD news in a meeting held on 3 October 2003. Consequent to these decisions, DD-News channel was launched on 3 November 2003. You might have noticed that the news channels are language specific. But DD’s news channel contains the round the clock news bulletins in Hindi/ English are also telecast twice a day on the National Network of DD National.
‘Aap Ki Adalat’ fame Rajat Sharma, Sohaib Ilyasi, the man behind the highly successful ‘India’s Most Wanted’ and Taun Tejpal, editor-in-chief of Tehelka roped together and launched a free-to-air Hindi news and current affairs channel India TV on May 20, 2004. Indian viewers had more expectations from this channel. The much-awaited news channel hopes to set itself apart from the existing ones by setting new benchmarks of responsible journalism. Speaking on the occasion of the launch, Rajat Sharma, chairman, India TV, said, “We aim to change the way broadcast news reporting is being conducted in the country. India TV will set new benchmarks by maintaining international standards of responsible and credible news reporting. We will stay away from graphic depictions of violence and sensationalism of news. We will uphold the viewer’s right to correct information and their right to truth and verity. India TV is not just a news channel, it is a movement.” NDTV as a pioneer in Indian television news, set to create a fresh revolution in high-quality business news with the launch of NDTV Profit. NDTV launched this 24-hour business channel on January 17th, 2005.
There is no saturation point in launching of news channel, just booming like sky as the limit. Entertainment channel to infotainment channel, infotainment channel to news channel, news channels to business channel and Business channel to lots more. Now the satellite channels become more topicality with international standard. When we are talking about topicality, CNBC TV18, the only business channel, continues to be the medium of choice for India’s decision makers, affluent audiences across the country since 1999. It has set the pace for the growth in number of television channels by launching a 24-hour consumer channel in Hindi called ‘ Awaaz’. This news channel focusses on empowering consumers on decision-making related to investment, saving and spending. All the programmes are catering to consumers across different walks of life, which included personal finance; variety of markets including commodity, stocks, savings etc.; small businesses; education & career guidance; and verticals like health, shopping etc.
Another news channel was finally launched into the already cluttered news space in Indian television. Jagran TV Pvt Limited’s news channel, Channel 7 up-linked to the air on 27 March 2005. The channel has been set up to cater to the vast Hindi-speaking audiences, already being targeted by a slew of news channels. Channel 7 developed every programme with a bid to cater to all types of audiences and not just pre-dominantly male audiences who get attracted towards news channels.

Regional Leaders

To cater the interest among the Indians, Doordarshan televises programmes in Hindi and associate Official languages. It has launched a number of Regional Language Satellite Channels (DD – 4 to DD – 11 and DD – 13) and telecast programmes in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Malayalam, Marathi, Kannada, Telugu, Kashmiri, Oriya and Tamil. The Regional channels relayed by all terrestrial transmitters in the state and additional programmes in the Regional Language in prime time and non-prime time available only through cable operators. The Doordarshan regional satellite channels telecast major news programme with some entertainment programmes.
If you think about the private regional channels, they have followed the path of the Big brother (i.e Doordarshan). They are neither completely entertainment channel nor exclusively news channel. They are following the middle path and claiming themselves an infotainment channels. The private channels televise through the state dominant languages. Rising advertising revenues and increasing numbers of viewers have provided the impetus for many big players to enter into the business. Some regional media leaders like ETV, Sun TV, Asianet have a strong grip over the regional market. Some major players tried their luck in different states. Zee television has three regional channels; Zee Marathi, Zee Punjabi and Zee Bangla. Star Network entered into Tamilnadu by launching Star Vijay, one of the most popular entertainment channels in India broadcasting in Tamil. Besides that ETV Network is a part of the well-established Ramoji Group, has created 12 dedicated infotainment regional channels. ETV network is the source of rich entertainment of eight different languages. Those are: Telugu, Bangla, Marathi, Kannada, Oriya, Gujarati, Urdu; and Hindi to viewers in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Every ETV Network channel focuses exclusively on its audience’s unique cultural identity, its aspirations and its distinct socio-political character. Let us think about the south Indian language Telugu, there are around twelve satellite channels are roaming around the sky with different taste and different flavour. These channels include three news channels, one song-based channels and rest are infotainment channels. When we confine ourselves into news, three channels (ETV2, TV 9 and Teja News) exclusively devoted to news programmes.
Sahara India Pariwar is proud to have five news channels as the bouquet of Sahara Samay. These channels are: Sahara Samay NCR, Sahara Samay Mumbai, Sahara Samay Bihar & Jharkhand, Sahara Samay Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh, and Sahara Samay Uttar Pradesh & Uttranchal. Sahara Samay has already managed to gain a loyal audience in India through a bouquet of National & Regional News Channels since its launch. These channels are youthful and vibrant channels targeting students and women, besides that hardcore news stuff. The regional news channels covers the entire spectrum of genre with specific programs on lifestyle, fashion, food, shopping, health and fitness, sports, education, career and city issues, besides giving user-friendly information on traffic updates, city events, train and air timings, etc. Now national news channels cannot confine its boundary to national level. They cannot ignore the regional news because of the stiff competition form the regional cannels. Regional news channels are entering into the competition with a strong will power and also with an aim to portrait regional issues in national and international level.

Conclusion

Now the television industry becomes more specific. In this competitive market, channels are targeting specific viewers. News channels attract more viewers beyond their target by producing interactive and interesting programmes. Every channel needs to do an extensive research on different concepts and different themes to attract more viewers and in the same time more advertisers. After all, advertisements are the bread and butter for the channels. With increased consumer preference for news programmes, television news channels have grown faster than other niche channels. News channels are booming just like sky as the limit. Those days are not far away, when we will get satellite news channel for every major city in India. Staying in abroad, we can update ourselves about all the happening of our hometown. Now news is not restricted to political happenings. It will be extended its limit to every unwanted and hided corners of the society. At last we can reach in the conclusion that anything, which is strange or disgusting, is news. There are no rigid rules, which defines news.

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By: Devi Prasad Mahapatra

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